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Latin Via Proverbs: Grammatical Guide

 

The proverbs are organized into grammatical categories, nouns first, and then verbs. Below is an outline of the categories, with the corresponding proverb numbers in bold.

 

NOUNS.

 

These proverbs may use some present tense forms of the verb “to be,” but no other verbs. Some participles commonly used simply as adjectives also appear in these proverbs. The proverbs are subdivided by noun declensions. You can start with either Declension 1 or Declension 2, depending on how your textbook is organized.

1-40        Declension 1 Nouns and Adjectives

41-108    Declension 2 Nouns and Adjectives

109-152    Declension 1 and Declension 2

153-419    Declension 3 Nouns

420-532    Declension 3 Adjectives

533-567     Declension 4 Nouns

568-606     Declension 5 Nouns

607-767     Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

768-1000    Miscellaneous Nouns, Pronouns, etc.

 

VERBS.

 

The verb categories are organized in a basic sequence: present active indicative, followed by other active verbs formed from the present stem, followed by present passive forms. The present system is followed by the perfect system, active and passive, including perfect passive participles, followed by the present and future participles.

 

Active Verbs: Present Active Indicative.

 

These proverbs use present active indicative tense verb forms and infinitives. Each conjugation is treated separately, so you can start with Conjugation 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, depending on how your textbook is organized. No special distinction is made between the -o verbs and -io verbs within the Conjugation 3 categories. Within the conjugations, the proverbs are organized by noun declensions. Thus, if you have done only Declension 1 and/or Declension 2, you can limit yourself to proverbs using those nouns only.

1001-1037     Conjugation 1 ~ Declension 1

1038-1081     Conjugation 1 ~ Declension 2

1082-1102     Conjugation 1 ~ Declensions 1 and 2

1103-1249     Conjugation 1 ~ Declension 3

1250-1273     Conjugation 1 ~ Declensions 4 and 5

1274-1317     Conjugation 1 (misc. nouns)

1318-1377     Conjugation 2 ~ Declensions 1 and 2

1378-1483     Conjugation 2 ~ Declension 3

1484-1501     Conjugation 2 ~ Declensions 4 and 5

1502-1531     Conjugation 2 (misc. nouns)

1532-1560     Conjugations 1 and 2

1561-1597     Conjugation 3 ~ Declension 1

1598-1650     Conjugation 3 ~ Declension 2

1651-1686     Conjugation 3 ~ Declensions 1 and 2

1687-1898     Conjugation 3 ~ Declension 3

1899-1933     Conjugation 3 ~ Declension 4

1934-1954     Conjugation 3 ~ Declension 5

1955-2013     Conjugation 3 (misc. nouns)

2014-2040     Conjugations 1 and 3

2041-2063     Conjugations 1, 2 and 3

2064-2077     Conjugation 4 ~ Declensions 1 and 2

2078-2104     Conjugation 4 ~ Declension 3

2105-2145     Conjugation 4 (misc. nouns)

2146-2303     Irregular Verbs (fero, fio, volo, etc.)

 

Active Verbs: Imperfect, Imperative, Future, Subjunctive.

 

These proverbs contain active forms built on the present stem of the verb: imperfect, present imperative, future, and present subjunctive. These verb categories are completely separate from each other, so you can start with either the imperfect or imperative or future or subjunctive, depending on which verb forms come first in your textbook.

2304-2327    Imperfect Active (misc. nouns)

2328-2364    Pres. Act. Imperative: Conjugation 1

2365-2389    Pres. Act. Imperative: Conjugation 2

2390-2437    Pres. Act. Imperative: Conj. 3 ~ Dec. 1 and 2

2438-2484    Pres. Act. Imperative: Conj. 3 (misc. nouns)

2485-2563    Pres. Act. Imperative (misc. conjugations)

2564-2580    Future Act. Indicative: Conjugation 1

2581-2595    Future Act. Indicative: Conjugation 2

2596-2634    Future Act. Indicative: Conjugation 3

2635-2644    Future Act. Indicative: Conjugation 4

2645-2680    Future Act. Indicative (misc. conjugations)

2681-2701    Pres. Act. Subjunctive: Conjugation 1

2702-2721    Pres. Act. Subjunctive: Conjugation 2

2722-2742    Pres. Act. Subjunctive: Conj. 3 ~ Dec. 1 and 2

2743-2776    Pres. Act. Subjunctive: Conj. 3 (misc. nouns)

2777-2818    Pres. Act. Subjunctive (misc. conjugations)

2819-2861    Mixed Imperative ~ Future ~ Subjunctive

 

Passive Verbs: Present, Imperative, Future, Subjunctive.

 

These proverbs contain passive forms built on the present stem of the verb: present indicative, imperative, future, and present subjunctive. Note that no special distinction is made for deponent verbs, which are regarded here simply as passive verb forms.

2862-2877    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 1 ~ Dec. 1 and 2

2878-2914    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 1 ~ Dec. 3

2915-2960    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 1 (misc. nouns)

2961-2990    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conjugation 2

2991-3040    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 3 ~ Dec. 1 and 2

3041-3105    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 3 ~ Dec. 3

3106-3128    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 3 ~ Dec. 4 and 5

3129-3196    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conj. 3 (misc. nouns)

3197-3214    Present Passive Ind. ~ Conjugation 4

3215-3230    Present Passive Imperative (misc. conjugations)

3231-3259    Future Passive Indicative (misc. conjugations)

3260-3286    Present Pass. Subjunctive (misc. conjugations)

 

Perfect Verbs and Participles.

 

These proverbs contain the perfect active indicative, future perfect active and perfect subjunctive forms, along with the perfect passive indicative and participles. You will also find proverbs with present active participles, future participles (active and passive), and gerunds. The final category contains proverbs using forms of the future imperative.

3287-3314    Perfect Active Indicative ~ Declensions 1 and 2

3315-3357    Perfect Active Indicative ~ Declension 3

3358-3419    Perfect Active Indicative (misc. nouns)

3420-3449    Future Perfect and Perfect Subjunctives

3450-3591    Perfect Passive Indicative and Participles

3592-3609    Ablative Absolutes (Passive Participles)

3610-3637    Present Active Participles ~ Conjugation 1

3638-3653    Present Active Participles ~ Conjugation 2

3654-3709    Present Active Participles ~ Conjugation 3

3710-3721    Present Active Participles ~ Conjugation 4

3722-3737    Present Active Participles (misc. conjugations)

3738-3762    Ablative Absolutes (Active Participles)

3763-3787    Future Active Participles

3788-3817    Future Passive Participles - Conjugation 1

3818-3866    Future Passive Participles - Conjugation 3

3867-3881    Future Passive Participles (misc. conjugations)

3882-3942    Gerunds

3943-4000    Future Imperative

 

Appendix: Latin Phrases in English.

 

This appendix contains a brief selection of Latin words and phrases that have been adopted into English, along with a short list of commonly used Latin abbreviations.

4001-4070    Latin Phrases in English: Single Words

4071-4114    Latin Phrases in English: Prepositional Phrases

4115-4155    Latin Phrases in English: Noun Phrases

4156-4200    Latin Abbreviations